Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacological Effectives
The Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacological Effectives include Immunomodulatory, Antineoplastic, Antiviral, Anti-aging, anti-oxidation, Hepatoprotective,Improve hypoxia tolerance and others. Please see below for the exact information
Immunomodulatory
Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharide have a widely immunomodulatory activity which can improve organism immunity activity. Many studies certified most of ganoderma polysaccharides who have the physiological activity are β-D-glucan. The polysaccharides can improve the immunity function of patients with terminal cancer. The patients with Lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer take reishi polysaccharides two weeks find the purity of IL-2,IL-6 AND IFN-γ in protoplasm improve remarkablely. NK cell activity increasedm but the activity of IL-1, TNF-α decline. Ganoderma polysaccharide can enhance the immune response，mainly thourgh to sensitize the kinase of phosphatidylinositol-3 to restrain apoptosis spontaneous of neutrophilic granulocyte to achieve anticancer effect.Study show the MCM mimic which treated by reishi polysaccharide can induce apoptoais of HL-60 and U937 Leukemia. The polysaccharide can stimulate mononuclear macrophage to produce IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6, stimulate T- lymphocyte to produce IFN-γ. All of these cytokines can make the function to inhibits leukemia cell cloning. The proteoglycan ( ratio of sugars to proteins is 11.5:1) extract from ganoderma fruiting body who can stimulate proliferation of B-lymphocytes and activation induced the IL-2 secretion, enhanced the expression for PKCα ,PKCγ. Ganoderma Polysaccharide can direct or indirect activation immune cell like T-cell, B-cell, macrophage,NK cell and etc, promote the un-purified spleen cells value-added in vitro; enhance the activies of DNA polymerase αand promote interleukin secretion to achieve immune function. β-D-glucan combined with CR3, αMβ2 integrin protein, CD11b/CD18 to stimulate the immnune cell (lymphocyte, macrophage,NK-cell) for producing the cytokines in order.
Antineoplastic
In ganoderma fruiting body study, Jiang and his team found ganoderma can control the grow of breast cancer cell MDA-MD-231 through modifying the signal of Akt/NF-kB, inhibits proliferation of cancer cells through inhibits NF-kB to inhibit breast cancer infiltration. The signal of Akt/NF-kB negative regulator can inhibit serine phosphorylation on 473th in Akt molecule. Negative regulation of Akt expression and stagnation of tumor cells in G0/G1 phase through negative regulation of cyclin D1 by NF-kB.
From 1971~1989, the research scholars abroad get more than 100 kinds of ganoderma polysaccharides from ganoderma seriers. Especially 4 kinds of polysaccharides have strong antitumor activity. To the β-(1,3) glycosidic bond as backbone centered, and its antitumor activity relative with the β-(1,6) as branched-chain.
The triterpenoid extracted from ganoderma spore powder have the cytotoxic activity to the sarcoma Meth-A and lung carcinoma cell- lewis in rats. The extract compounds lucidimols A and B, ganodermanondiol, ganoderol F and ganodermanontriol have the cytotoxic activity to both tumor cell. And the ganodermanol,ganodermadiol and aldehyde lucilaldehyde B &C have the cytotoxic activity to LLC Meth-A, S180 and breast cancer cell T-47D. For the triterpenoid extracted from ganoderma lucidum spore by alcohol can restrain HeLa cell grow and make the cell division stay in G1 phase. These extract can lower levels of extracellular calcium, and triterpenoid can inhibit Ras oncoprotein and transformation of cancer cells.After filling the rat stomach with triterpenoid extracted from ganoderma fruiting body, they can inhibit the LLC Lewis growing of extrasplenic and preventing metastatic tumor cells from infiltrating the spleen and liver. Ganoderma lucidum extract by alcohol can inhibit breast cancer cell P21/Waf-1 the function of positive regulation and negative regulation of cyclin D1, make the cdk4 inactivate, RB dephosphorylation. All of these changed make the transcription factor E2F inactivate, induction of apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The anti-cancer effect for ganoderma alcohol extract acts on MCR-7 cell study, Hu and his team find the ganoderma alcohol extract can restrain cell proliferation, positive regulation of apoptin Bax and induce programmed apoptosis of MCF-7.
Antiviral
More study and research show the proteoglycan in ganoderma have antiviral activity. The ganoderma posaccharide combined with acid (APBP) have antiherpes (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 activies; the ganoderma triterpenoid also can anti-HIV. In the MF-4 cell, ganoderiol F and ganoderma terpene triol can inhibits the pathogenic effect of HIV-1, ganolucidic acid-A. Ganoderma terpene diols,ganoderma terpene triol, lucidimol-B and ganoderic acid β can significantly inhibited HIV-1 Proteolytic enzyme activity and prevent the increase of HIV-1.
Anti-aging, anti-oxidation
Phenol compound extracted from ganoderma methyl alcohol have function of anti-oxidant and inhibits lipid peroxidation. This activitiy function become more strong when dormant spores germinate. Ganoderma aminopolysaccharides G009 can inhibits oxidative damage of reactive oxygen species to DNA and inhibits the lipid peroxidation of rust
Hepatoprotective Effect
In the study for liver cirrhosis caused by biliary obstruction in mice, ganoderma proteoglycans can reduce aspartic acid transferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in serum, and improve tissue morphology of collagen and liver cells. Other study show the ganoderma polysaccharides mediates the chemical protective effect of normal mouse liver cells by activating the detoxifying enzyme glutathione -s- transferase (GST), the activities of GST maybe related to the content of protein in ganoderma lucidum glycoprotein. Immunohistochemical studies show that ganoderma polysaccharides inhibit the expression of nitric oxide synthase and protect the liver by inhibiting the production of NO. In vivo, infection of mice with bacillus, tuberculosis, and treatment with ganoderma polysaccharides can reduce the hemorrhage of hepatic lobule around central vein and tissue necrosis, and reduce inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes
Improve hypoxia tolerance
Ganoderma polysaccharides can protect brain neurons from hypoxia, the dosage is 1,100 μg/mL can increase the viability of neurons under hypoxia, greatly decrease the contents of malondialdehede and the levels of reactive oxygen species, increased manganese superoxide dismutase activity and make positioning function of NF-kB is blocked.More Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacological Effectives Scientific research and development , please check here
Other Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacological Effectives
The polysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum can inhibit the activity of alloxy-induced nf-kb and protect pancreatic B cells from injury. Ganoderma lucidum fruiting extract polysaccharides can inhibit blood viscosity, increase myocardial contractility, increase coronary artery blood flow and cardiac output, and improve heart rate. Study show ganoderic acid S can change the signaling pathways of human platelets, inhibits calcium transfer and phosphorylation in tropomyosin light chains and prick substrate proteins and inhibits platelet response to thrombin A by inactivating the phospholipase C pathway.Ganoderma lucidum can also resist radiation and toxic chemical damage to the body, with sedative and analgesic effects, prolong sleep time, improve sleep quality, anti-asthma, anti-cough, expectoration and treatment of chronic tracheitis.More Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacological Effectives Scientific research and development , please check here
